The Higher Education Act (HEA) serves as the cornerstone of federal legislation governing higher education institutions and programs in the United States. Enacted in 1965, this pivotal law allocates funding, establishes oversight mechanisms, and influences various aspects of higher education, including student financial aid, research endeavors, program initiatives, and international educational pursuits. Of particular significance is its role in accrediting higher education institutions and programs to ensure academic quality and integrity.

The HEA undergoes periodic amendments through the process of "reauthorization" to adapt to evolving educational landscapes and priorities. The most recent reauthorization took place in 2008, and discussions for its renewal are currently underway. While the HEA itself does not directly fund accreditation efforts, it administers oversight of accrediting organizations through the U.S. Department of Education (USDE). This oversight, known as "recognition," involves regular evaluations of accrediting bodies to assess their effectiveness in maintaining educational standards.

Federal recognition is crucial for colleges, universities, and programs as it determines their eligibility to access the funding streams provided through the HEA. Accreditation by federally recognized bodies thus serves as a gateway for institutions and programs to access vital financial resources and support mechanisms outlined in the HEA.